France

France — Vulnerable employment

Name: Vulnerable employment (% of employment)
Creator: World Bank

FR desk: France first; euro area, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and United States alongside.

8.50%

−0.07 pp

As of 2025 | % of total employment

Latest: 8.50% 2025
Previous year: 8.57% 2024
Min: 5.96% 2008
Max: 10.21% 1991

Year	Value
2025	8.50%
2024	8.57%
2023	8.08%
2022	8.08%
2021	7.67%
2020	8.20%
2019	7.85%
2018	7.42%
2017	7.41%
2016	7.56%
2015	7.32%
2014	7.37%
2013	6.97%
2012	7.12%
2011	7.19%
2010	7.04%
2009	6.48%
2008	5.96%
2007	6.58%
2006	6.90%
2005	6.53%
2004	6.61%
2003	6.81%
2002	6.51%

#CountryVulnerable employmentChangeYear

132Italy14.35%−0.14 pp2025 143United Kingdom11.53%−0.08 pp2025

148Spain10.07%−0.19 pp2025

155Euro area9.34%−0.08 pp2025 159France8.50%−0.07 pp2025 178Germany4.34%−0.03 pp2025 182United States3.81%−0.04 pp2025

What vulnerable employment is

Vulnerable employment (SL.EMP.VULN.ZS, modelled ILO estimate) is own-account and contributing-family workers as a share of employment. Latest: 8.50% in 2025.

These jobs usually lack formal contracts and social insurance. A high share is not the same as a low wage, but it is the usual companion of informal work. From 1991 to 2025 (35 years): latest 8.50% (2025), previous year 8.57% (2024); low 5.96% (2008), high 10.21% (1991).

Source: World Bank Open Data. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (terms).