United States

United StatesVulnerable employment

US desk: United States first; United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, euro-area members, Korea, Taiwan and New Zealand alongside.

3.81%

−0.04 pp

As of 2025 | % of total employment

Latest
3.81% 2025
Previous year
3.85% 2024
Min
3.76% 2023
Max
4.78% 1993
YearValue
20253.81%
20243.85%
20233.76%
20223.86%
20214.02%
20203.96%
20193.93%
20184.02%
20173.98%
20164.03%
20154.02%
20143.98%
20134.03%
20124.08%
20114.07%
20104.16%
20094.16%
20084.07%
20074.19%
20064.32%
20054.38%
20044.45%
20034.45%
20024.31%
#CountryVulnerable employmentChangeYear
82China33.40%−0.41 pp2025
126Korea, Rep.17.69%−0.16 pp2025138New Zealand12.57%−0.14 pp2025143United Kingdom11.53%−0.08 pp2025153Canada9.56%−0.07 pp2025155Euro area9.34%−0.08 pp2025157Australia9.12%−0.06 pp2025
166Japan7.49%−0.15 pp2025
178Germany4.34%−0.03 pp2025182United States3.81%−0.04 pp2025

What vulnerable employment is

Vulnerable employment (SL.EMP.VULN.ZS, modelled ILO estimate) is own-account and contributing-family workers as a share of employment. Latest: 3.81% in 2025.

These jobs usually lack formal contracts and social insurance. A high share is not the same as a low wage, but it is the usual companion of informal work. From 1991 to 2025 (35 years): latest 3.81% (2025), previous year 3.85% (2024); low 3.76% (2023), high 4.78% (1993).

Source: World Bank Open Data. Licence: CC BY 4.0 (terms).